No, this is not so simple. The leading causes of death in China are
cancer and heart disease. Air pollution does cause lung cancer, which contributes pretty significantly to that death toll, but
smoking is a larger cause of that lung cancer than air pollution. The
Berkeley study that indicated 1.6 million deaths per year in China from air pollution denotes it as contributing to 17% of the mortality rate, meaning it is still not larger than the 21% of deaths due to heart disease.