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Is there a Universal Good and Evil?

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Postby MeDeFe on Sun Aug 05, 2007 12:28 pm

So far this is all sophistry and semantics, you still have a lot of work to do, gringo.

You have not defined "truth".

How is the statement meaningless if one allows for exceptions? I think you're referring to "There is no absolute truth except for the fact that there is no absolute truth". How is that meaningless? You still have to show that.


Start with those two, I'm be saving the rest for later, when I will have drawn you deeper into the maze of contradictions, definitions and logical fallacies.
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Postby daddy1gringo on Sun Aug 05, 2007 4:23 pm

MeDeFe wrote:So far this is all sophistry and semantics, you still have a lot of work to do, gringo.

You have not defined "truth".


OK, this is where the fun starts. I'm working on a good definition that is neither circular nor just a collection of synonyms. Maybe someone can help me with that. Nevertheless, since people since the beginning of language have been asking "What is truth?" I'm not sure it's fair to make me solve that problem in order to make a statement. I think we can accept that the intuitive definition of everyone involved is similar enough to proceed.

MeDeFe wrote:How is the statement meaningless if one allows for exceptions? I think you're referring to "There is no absolute truth except for the fact that there is no absolute truth". How is that meaningless? You still have to show that.


The nature of a statement "X does not exist" is such that if there is an exception, then some X does exist. The statement, therefore is not true, unless you re-define one or more parts of the statement to mean something very different than it purports to mean at the begining. That would be meaningless sophistry.

Next, If the statement, "There is no absolute truth *except for the fact that there is no absolute truth*," or "*except* for anything", is true, then the simple statement "There is no absolute truth" is nessesarily false. That, strictly speaking, is what we are debating.

To deal with your exception statement, we have to move from the pure logic level to the practical one. The pure statement "There is no absolute truth" is elegant enough that one could conceivably accept it as an axiom. (leaving aside the fact that I believe it can be proven false with logic) If you admit exceptions, then I have to ask what authorizes you to make that particular exception. Why not admit my prefered exception that there is an intelligent and personal God; truth is his nature; Jesus Christ is His incarnation, and whatever is in accord with his Spirit is truth, whaterver opposed to his Spirit is falsehood?

These factors, I believe, make "There is no absolute truth except..." meaningless for this discussion.


MeDeFe wrote:Start with those two, I'm be saving the rest for later, when I will have drawn you deeper into the maze of contradictions, definitions and logical fallacies.


Bring it
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Postby MeDeFe on Mon Aug 06, 2007 6:21 am

Please, give us this intuitive definition that you assume will be shared to a sufficiently large degree by all others.




And what will you do if I say that the statement "There is no absolute truth" is true only in relation to the absence of absolute truth. As would be the case with all stements, "there are no naturally pink elephants", "no extraterrestrial beings have ever landed on earth", "ghosts do not exist".
The last one is especially similar, we have an idea of what ghosts are supposed to be, and yet we can rightfully say that they do not exist.

I'm getting out of your semantic trap easily, "there is no absolute truth" is not an absolute statement, but a relative one and therefore it conforms with the theory that there is no absolute truth. I have shown that it is possible to refer to things that are imaginary. I will argue that absolute truth is such a thing. You, who argue that it does exist will have to prove it, same as in any disussion about god, it's not the doubters who have to prove that they are right, they have to be persuaded that they are not.
The only branch of science and philosophy (I'm using both terms according to their historical meanings, which were extremely wide and intertwined) where it has been possible to conclusively prove that some things do not exist at all is mathematics. In all others fields things are assumed to not exist until proven otherwise, why should we make an exception here?
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Postby chessplaya on Mon Aug 06, 2007 6:31 am

is everything cool here ?
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Postby Guiscard on Mon Aug 06, 2007 4:35 pm

MeDeFe wrote:And what will you do if I say that the statement "There is no absolute truth" is true only in relation to the absence of absolute truth. As would be the case with all stements, "there are no naturally pink elephants", "no extraterrestrial beings have ever landed on earth", "ghosts do not exist".
The last one is especially similar, we have an idea of what ghosts are supposed to be, and yet we can rightfully say that they do not exist.

I'm getting out of your semantic trap easily, "there is no absolute truth" is not an absolute statement, but a relative one and therefore it conforms with the theory that there is no absolute truth. I have shown that it is possible to refer to things that are imaginary. I will argue that absolute truth is such a thing. You, who argue that it does exist will have to prove it, same as in any disussion about god, it's not the doubters who have to prove that they are right, they have to be persuaded that they are not.
The only branch of science and philosophy (I'm using both terms according to their historical meanings, which were extremely wide and intertwined) where it has been possible to conclusively prove that some things do not exist at all is mathematics. In all others fields things are assumed to not exist until proven otherwise, why should we make an exception here?


Given the eloquent way in which the original poster constructed his argument I am somewhat surprised he hasn't come across this simple rebuttal before. I was taught the rebuttal as a possible response to the ontological argument, but it is just as valid here. Good post.
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Postby daddy1gringo on Tue Aug 07, 2007 11:17 pm

and you accuse me of sophistry.

MeDeFe wrote:I'm getting out of your semantic trap easily, "there is no absolute truth" is not an absolute statement, but a relative one


You're getting out of nothing. Why is it a relative statement? Because you assert it to be so?

MeDeFe wrote:And what will you do if I say that the statement "There is no absolute truth" is true only in relation to the absence of absolute truth. As would be the case with all stements, "there are no naturally pink elephants", "no extraterrestrial beings have ever landed on earth", "ghosts do not exist".
The last one is especially similar, we have an idea of what ghosts are supposed to be, and yet we can rightfully say that they do not exist


Each of these are absolute statements. If, for example, I could prove the existence of a naturally pink elephant, the first statement would be false, since it declares that none exists.

In addition, if you make the statement "There are no naturally pink elephants" your statement does not magically become a naturally pink elephant, the thing I need to disprove your statement. The statement "there is no absolute truth" if it is true at all, does become an absolute truth
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Postby MeDeFe on Wed Aug 08, 2007 4:05 am

And why is it an absolute statement? Because you assert it to be so.

Of course you could disprove those statements by presenting contradicting evidence, but the logical value of the statements still depends on external factors, it is relative to these factors. And that is exactly my point, they are not absolute because they depend on something other than themselves.
As I showed, the same goes for "there is no absolute truth".

You defined "absolute truth" rather loosely I think when you in your original definition said
daddy1gringo wrote:Let us define "absolute, or universal, truth" as something of which one may say to another: "This is true, not just for me, but for you and everyone. It is true whether or not you agree with it, like it or believe it."
This is no more than saying "if a statement about a certain entity is true, it remains true no matter who utters it and what this person might think of it." Is that really "absolute", from latin 'absolvere', meaning detached from all and not dependent on any outside factors? No it's not, you only detach the statement from the opinions of the speaker, that alone however, is not enough to make a statement 'absolute'.

EDIT: corrected a typo
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Postby daddy1gringo on Wed Aug 08, 2007 7:52 pm

I'm not surrendering or chickening out. it's just taking me a long time to compose my answer. I don't know about you, but I'm thoroughly enjoying this. Call me meshuggineh

Btw, Guiscard, if I understand you correctly, I am the "original poster" who constructed my argument "eloquently." Thank you; right decent of you considering that you believe me wrong. Would that everyone on these forums (fora? fori?) were so polite and respectful to their opponents. I shall study deserving.
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Postby MeDeFe on Thu Aug 09, 2007 10:15 am

Take your time, and so am I. Enjoying this, that is.
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Postby AlgyTaylor on Thu Aug 09, 2007 11:01 am

daddy1gringo wrote:Would that everyone on these forums (fora? fori?)

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Postby Guiscard on Thu Aug 09, 2007 1:36 pm

daddy1gringo wrote:Btw, Guiscard, if I understand you correctly, I am the "original poster" who constructed my argument "eloquently." Thank you; right decent of you considering that you believe me wrong. Would that everyone on these forums (fora? fori?) were so polite and respectful to their opponents. I shall study deserving.


It's because your name doesn't end with uns 101 :D
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Postby daddy1gringo on Fri Aug 10, 2007 10:47 am

It seems we are getting fouled up on the definitions of “absolute truth” and “absolute statement”. The context of my statement, and challenge, is a thread asking “Is there a universal good and evil?” My argument is constructed, as I said from the get-go, to be a stepping stone to dealing with that question, and my definitions are commensurate with that purpose. The definitions you seem to be giving don’t seem to work well for that. Since it is my responsibility to define my terms, it is also my prerogative. Your reaction may very well be, “Oh, well, if you define it that way, I don’t disagree with you. Your statement was untrue according to the strict definitions accepted in the philosophical community, not these.”

In this context then, an absolute truth is an absolute statement which is correct. To adapt my anecdotal, but I believe functional, definition, if the speaker claims, “this is true, not just for me but for you and for everyone, whether you believe it or not,” it is an absolute statement. If that claim is correct, the statement is an absolute truth. I will further clarify by stating what an absolute statement (and therefore an absolute truth) is not. It is neither subjective: eg “Jon BonJovi is a great/lousy guitarist”, nor a general rule with exceptions: eg “people act selfishly;” or “car bodies are made of metal,” nor relative: eg “jack is tall/short” (compared to whom?). If you want to substitute another word for “absolute” like “universal” or “objective” that’s fine. Nevertheless, this is what I meant.

Defining things thus, I can answer you concerning the rubber band we shot back and forth. The statement, “There is no absolute truth” as well as your three examples concerning ghosts, aliens, and pink elephants, are absolute statements, not simply because I assert so, but because they meet these criteria. The definition you seem to be suggesting, that in order not to be “relative” the statement must be provable without reference to anything outside itself, begs the question in my opinion by making it impossible for anything to qualify. Even in geometry, for example, you can’t make a meaningful statement about point A without a point B to which to relate it, and really, you need a point C to which to compare point A in terms of its relationship to, or direction and distance from, point B.

Looking again at your argument, the problem may be in defining the word “is”, or existence, as in “there ARE no pink elephants,” or “there IS no absolute truth.” The best example of clarifying this I know of is actually in the Bible, though you don’t need to believe to accept this reasoning. Paul is addressing the question if it is OK to eat meat sold in the marketplace that has been part of a pagan sacrifice. In the course of the discussion he says, “An idol has no real existence.” In other words, Apollo, or any fictional character, say, Gandalf, has an existence as a fictional character. I could say Gandalf was a hobbit, or he had red hair, and from the descriptions in the book, you could contradict me and you would be right, I, wrong. But as a fictional character, he has no REAL existence. (I’m assuming that you are too interested in pursuing truth to digress into the questions of whether McKellen by his great portrayal brought Gandalf to life and gave him a real existence, and whether Paul (and I) is correct in his belief that his God has a real existence and Apollo does not. They are irrelevant to our discussion)

So obviously, if we can speak of and attempt to define “an absolute truth” it must have existence as a concept, but if you assert “there is no absolute truth,” that is an actual statement, with a whole different type of existence. If it is true, it would be an absolute truth with a real existence, and its existence would disprove the statement that it does not exist.

Given these definitions, which I believe are the ones necessary to build toward answering the thread question, I repeat my assertion that there must be absolute truth, since if you assert the negation: “There is NO absolute truth,” you pose that statement itself as an absolute truth. You thereby contradict yourself and refute your assertion.

In practical terms, as a friend of mine put it: "When someone tells me 'you can't be absolutely certain of anything' I ask them 'are you absolutely certain of that?'"
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Postby daddy1gringo on Fri Aug 10, 2007 10:58 am

daddy1gringo wrote:I don't know about you, but I'm thoroughly enjoying this. Call me meshuggineh


MeDeFe wrote:...and so am I. Enjoying this, that is.


Glad you clarified that. It could have meant "...so am I -- meshuggineh"
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Postby Guiscard on Fri Aug 10, 2007 12:46 pm

daddy1gringo wrote:Given these definitions, which I believe are the ones necessary to build toward answering the thread question, I repeat my assertion that there must be absolute truth, since if you assert the negation: “There is NO absolute truth,” you pose that statement itself as an absolute truth. You thereby contradict yourself and refute your assertion.

In practical terms, as a friend of mine put it: "When someone tells me 'you can't be absolutely certain of anything' I ask them 'are you absolutely certain of that?'"


I would like to add something to the discussion here...

I think you are becoming too bogged down in semantics and missing the crux of the paradox.

It is easy enough to get out of the semantic trap whilst maintaining a relativist perspective. We simply have to state:

'The closest we can get to an absolute truth is to say that there are no absolute truths'

This does not exclude the possibility that absolute truth is the correct notion, nor does it deny it, and it does not make an absolute statement in itself. It is a statement which semantically can be reconciled with both viewpoints. If this statement is our starting point then the debate is meaningless.

Secondly, I'd like to make the point that a relative morality does not have to e connected to 'overall' relativism in any way. Morals can be relative at the same time as absolute truths exist in the universe. The fact that truths exist does not necessarily lead us to conclude that they apply to morality. The arguments for and against absolutes are certainly interesting, but they cannot ultimately prove universal morality either way.
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Postby vtmarik on Fri Aug 10, 2007 12:48 pm

There are no universal truths... except math problems.

Everyone, except those unaware of the concept of math, knows that 2+2=4
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Postby Jenos Ridan on Fri Aug 10, 2007 2:12 pm

vtmarik wrote:There are no universal truths... except math problems.

Everyone, except those unaware of the concept of math, knows that 2+2=4


And consequently, the laws of nature, since we assertained them by mathematical calculation.

As for morallity, the issue is still being debated.
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Postby MeDeFe on Fri Aug 10, 2007 2:31 pm

You anticipated correctly, according to your definition of "absolute" you are correct and "there is no absolute truth" would be an absolute statement negating itself.
However, I'm not going to accept a redefinition of a word on this scale, especially not a word that is fundamental to your thesis. At least not just because you say you have the right and duty to provide us with the definitions. I can readily accept "objective" as a substitute (and far more fitting) term for what you are describing, but a redefinition of "absolute" to mean simply "independent of peoples emotions" is a too big step. You're taking a thoroughly and clearly defined word and then you leave out half of the definition to make it fit your purposes. Why not use existing terms that better describe what you mean?

You misunderstood my definition of relative statements a little, in order not to be relative a statement must not refer to any external entities that influence the logical value of the statement.

I do not quite see what you think the problem with the existence or-non-existence of what a term refers to is. So what if there is a concept or definition of the term "absolute truth"? There are also detailed concepts of what magic is and how magic works, but this does not mean that magic is real. If a term can be defined it means only that a concept defining this term exists.



And you STILL haven't said what your personal definition of "truth" is.




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Re: Is there a Universal Good and Evil?

Postby waradmiral on Fri Aug 10, 2007 2:44 pm

Rocky Horror wrote:I've always wondered...

there is a black and white differencre.

yes there is. either it's black or white, right or wrong, moral or immoral

one person used the example of stealing a tv to sell so you could feed your family. but the cost of your theft is passed on to everyone else in society wheter it be a small tv shop owner or the share holders of a big box store and the customers who shop at these stores.. whereas if you got a job you are benifiting society.
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Re: Is there a Universal Good and Evil?

Postby Guiscard on Fri Aug 10, 2007 5:43 pm

waradmiral wrote:
Rocky Horror wrote:I've always wondered...

there is a black and white differencre.

yes there is. either it's black or white, right or wrong, moral or immoral

one person used the example of stealing a tv to sell so you could feed your family. but the cost of your theft is passed on to everyone else in society wheter it be a small tv shop owner or the share holders of a big box store and the customers who shop at these stores.. whereas if you got a job you are benifiting society.


What if you're job is working for Nike, who exploit thousands of sweatshop workers in third world countries? What about if it is for a company like BAE who provide weaponry and technologies which allow killing on a mass scale, and who factor in corruption and bribery at that?

How far can you take this? Is telling a lie always wrong? The old Kantian situation of a murder asking you where his victim is is certainly a debatable one. Do you tell the truth and reveal the innocent victim and allow his brutal murder? Are there degrees of 'wrongness' and 'rightness'? Is stealing a TV worse than stealing office stationary?
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Re: Is there a Universal Good and Evil?

Postby waradmiral on Fri Aug 10, 2007 6:29 pm

[quote="]]
What if you're job is working for Nike, who exploit thousands of sweatshop workers in third world countries? What about if it is for a company like BAE who provide weaponry and technologies which allow killing on a mass scale, and who factor in corruption and bribery at that?

How far can you take this? Is telling a lie always wrong? The old Kantian situation of a murder asking you where his victim is is certainly a debatable one. Do you tell the truth and reveal the innocent victim and allow his brutal murder? Are there degrees of 'wrongness' and 'rightness'? Is stealing a TV worse than stealing office stationary?[/quote]

i'll re edit my statment ther is such a thing as the gray area and a necesary evil.[/quote]
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Postby Jenos Ridan on Sat Aug 11, 2007 4:54 am

MeDeFe wrote:You anticipated correctly, according to your definition of "absolute" you are correct and "there is no absolute truth" would be an absolute statement negating itself.
However, I'm not going to accept a redefinition of a word on this scale, especially not a word that is fundamental to your thesis. At least not just because you say you have the right and duty to provide us with the definitions. I can readily accept "objective" as a substitute (and far more fitting) term for what you are describing, but a redefinition of "absolute" to mean simply "independent of peoples emotions" is a too big step. You're taking a thoroughly and clearly defined word and then you leave out half of the definition to make it fit your purposes. Why not use existing terms that better describe what you mean?

You misunderstood my definition of relative statements a little, in order not to be relative a statement must not refer to any external entities that influence the logical value of the statement.

I do not quite see what you think the problem with the existence or-non-existence of what a term refers to is. So what if there is a concept or definition of the term "absolute truth"? There are also detailed concepts of what magic is and how magic works, but this does not mean that magic is real. If a term can be defined it means only that a concept defining this term exists.



And you STILL haven't said what your personal definition of "truth" is.




EDIT: Stay out of this if you're only going to post twoliners. That goes for everyone.


Firstly: the second half of my "two-liner post" (what is that, some cheap attempt at an active insult?) was fairly neutral in that I said the issue wasn't settled. Guiscard and yourself among the crowd holding the notion of "NO MORAL ABSOLUTES, PERIOD F*CKING DOT!" (I'm exaggerating but that is still the message you're sending), while myself and others hold that there are certain universal rights and wrongs. Personal definition of 'truth'? Well, I'm not going to mention the Bible (oops, too late) because it is a given, :lol: . But that is something I think about every now and again. And I'm still working on it. Hey, if I'd figured it out now, what would be the fun in that?
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Postby MeDeFe on Sat Aug 11, 2007 8:57 am

Check page 11 for further one- and two-liners. Also note that I said that it goes for EVERYone.

Thank you for your attention.
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Postby daddy1gringo on Mon Aug 13, 2007 6:06 am

Once again, I'm not copping out, I've just been busy and unable to compose my reply yet. It's coming.
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Postby daddy1gringo on Thu Aug 16, 2007 10:11 am

MeDeFe wrote:You anticipated correctly, according to your definition of "absolute" you are correct and "there is no absolute truth" would be an absolute statement negating itself.
However, I'm not going to accept a redefinition of a word on this scale, especially not a word that is fundamental to your thesis. At least not just because you say you have the right and duty to provide us with the definitions. I can readily accept "objective" as a substitute (and far more fitting) term for what you are describing, but a redefinition of "absolute" to mean simply "independent of peoples emotions" is a too big step. You're taking a thoroughly and clearly defined word and then you leave out half of the definition to make it fit your purposes. Why not use existing terms that better describe what you mean?

You misunderstood my definition of relative statements a little, in order not to be relative a statement must not refer to any external entities that influence the logical value of the statement.

I do not quite see what you think the problem with the existence or-non-existence of what a term refers to is. So what if there is a concept or definition of the term "absolute truth"? There are also detailed concepts of what magic is and how magic works, but this does not mean that magic is real. If a term can be defined it means only that a concept defining this term exists.

And you STILL haven't said what your personal definition of "truth" is.



OK, let’s start with this “truth” business. Webster’s defines “truth” as “the quality or state of being true…” then defines “true” as “in accordance with fact; that agrees with reality; not false…exact; accurate; right; correct.” Now these definitions have a number of the regrettable qualities that I said I was trying to avoid. They are largely a collection of synonyms which themselves need to be defined, and those definitions usually include “true,” which makes the definition circular and useless. My favorite is “not false.” Guess what their definition of “false” is: “not true”! We have thereby learned nothing about the meaning of either word. Well, we do know exactly one thing: whatever they are, they are opposite to one another; Wonderful.

As I said before, philosophers have been trying to determine “what is truth” almost since the beginning of language. So if the venerated Noah Webster and teams of lexicographers, philologists, and linguists working on his dictionary for about 200 years can’t do any better than this, I doubt you and I can.

You’re asking me to tell you the “intuitive” definition doesn’t make any sense. Maybe I’ve got my definitions wrong again, but what I meant by “intuitive definition” is one that cannot necessarily be stated clearly, but we all have a pretty good idea what we or someone else means when they say something is true, and that idea is similar enough for most people to continue the discussion. It would probably be something along the lines of “not false; correct.” For the purpose of our debate I was recommending proceeding on that.

You just asked for my “personal definition of truth.” I wasn’t planning on using my personal definition, that I use for my life. You wouldn’t like it. When Pilate asked Jesus, “what is truth?” Jesus didn’t answer because the Truth was standing in front of him. If I know something true but hurtful about someone, and it will not benefit them in some way for them to know it, or it is not my place to tell them, saying it is not speaking the truth, because it is not speaking Jesus. Sorry, but you asked for it.

While I was psyched at your concession of my original point given my definitions, you may want to reconsider it. The definition I was using for “absolute” was more than just “independent of people’s emotions.” That would just be the “great/lousy guitarist” example, and “objective” would work for that. But there are 2 other things I said it was not: 1) a general rule with exceptions, for example “car bodies are made of metal” (you could say that that is true, but there are, or at least were, some that are made of fiberglass) and 2) relative, as in calling someone tall or short, which can only be said to be true or false in comparison with some un-named standard like the height of another person. If that is what you meant by “must not refer to any external entities that influence the logical value of the statement,” then my definition is essentially the same as yours. If not, please define “logical value” and how it can be influenced.

I brought up the concept of "real existence" as opposed to "existence as a concept" because one could say that since we can talk about and define "an absolute truth" it necessarily has an existence as a concept, like a thoroughly described fictional character, but an existence of that sort would not necessarily contradict the statement that it does not exist. I was trying to avoid confusion on that point because if one debater asserts, "There is no absolute truth," that, being a particular statement, rather than the concept of a potential statement, even though it is abstract rather than concrete, does have a real existence, and does thereby negate itself.

OK, I think that covers it. Sorry I took so long. I think deliberately, and so am no good in face-to-face debates. You’ve no idea how much I edited this on word processing before pasting it here.
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Postby MeDeFe on Thu Aug 16, 2007 1:10 pm

ok, first of all the definitions

Logical Value (technical term)
Statements have a logical value, 'true' or 'false', according to fuzzy logic there can also be other values but I'm not going into that, mainly because I have next to no knowledge of that particular field. 'True' essentially means that the statement correctly describes facts or that it is logically correct or both. It depends a little on what kind of statement one is dealing with and how complex it is. 'False' means that the statement does not or is not.

Entity (technical term)
The word 'Entity' encompasses several words of everyday language. Entity can mean a thing that exists in reality, a fictional thing that does not have a material existence at all, a property that a thing can have or even a process.


When I say that a statement must not refer to any external factors in order to be absolute I mean exactly what I say, I cannot think of any good way of making it clearer. As soon as a statement refers to any entity that is outside of the statement it is no longer absolute according to the Chambers definition I used, because then its logical value depends on factors that are not "controlled" (for lack of a better word) by the statement.
This should also explain why I ignored your exclusions of statements to which there are exceptions or which contain, as you put it, relative words like 'tall' that beg the question "Compared to what?" The examples you gave were already not absolute but they relate to entities, with a "real existence" (your words again) even.
Statements like “[all] car bodies are made of metal” (your example, the "all" is my addition) can at best be said to be universal since it refers to all car bodies, or at least implies that it refers to all car bodies since the statement does not specify to which specific (type(s) of) car bodies it does not refer.

Thanks for the explanation of "real existence" and "existence as a concept". I think it's clear from the definition of 'entity' I gave you that we will differ widely here as well. I probably would not say that 'XYZ' exists as a concept, instead I would say that a concept of 'XYZ' exists. Leaving open if 'XYZ' itself exists. An example would be ghosts (I already used this one), there are several concepts of ghosts and what they are, however, this does not mean that ghosts exist. The same applies to 'absolute truth', a concept of absolute truth can exist (in fact we're trying to establish a concept that both of us can work with at this point in this very discussion) but that does not mean that absolute truth itself exists.


About truth, I agree with 'true' being largely synonymous with “in accordance with fact; that agrees with reality; not false…exact; accurate; right; correct” at worst we have some more words to work with.
You were right, we'll leave your personal understanding of truth as Jesus being THE Truth out of this discussion I think, religious concepts, especially when used as definitions, don't mix very well with logic and philosophy, at least not in my experience.
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