by Dukasaur on Fri May 26, 2017 5:21 pm
To me, the most important thing to remember about Napoleon is that he achieved all this goals and through his hubris threw them away.
By 1803, after the Peace of Luneville, France had achieved all her stated goals. All enemies had agreed to peace, France's borders had been enlarged to their maximum historical size (the historically dubious claims to fill all land between the Rhine and the Pyrenees and between the Alps and the Atlantic had been essentially accomplished.) The royalists had accepted the Revolution as a fait accompli and abandoned trying to restore the monarchy. France's colonies had all been returned except for Haiti where the rebellion was still going strong.
At that point, happy and secure, France could have settled down into a thriving and long-lasting peace. Napoleon could have ruled for another 50 years. It could have been a Golden Age.
Instead, hubris forced him to push further. He couldn't bring himself to stop meddling in Swiss and Italian politics. As a result, Britain was soon back at war. He wasn't satisfied with being Emperor and wanted the power of the papacy as well. The ink was still wet on Napoleon's Concordat with the Pope when he passed the Organic Acts which made a mockery of the Concordat. This betrayal had wide-ranging consequences. Not only Catholics, but Protestants also, saw that Napoleon's signature on a treaty wasn't worth a fart in the wind. He couldn't stop demanding additional concessions from Austria, after they had already signed a generous peace. Soon, he was trying to force his will on Denmark, on Batavia, and on Spain.
Up to 1803, Napoleon was a hero. I will grant you that. France had been assailed on all sides, and he had brought it through a perilous time to triumph, peace, and prosperity. But none of it was to be enjoyed, as Napoleon's hubris and desire to be obeyed by more and more people outside of France soon had him back in war after war after war.
All told, somewhere between five and seven million people died needlessly during the years 1803 to 1815. (Counting both military and civilian deaths.) Countless millions more were impoverished or left homeless. It would be horrific enough if it had been necessary, but it wasn't. The Peace of Luneville and the Treaty of Amiens gave France everything she had wanted. A long and prosperous Golden Age was due, and one man of infinite hubris threw that Golden Age in the toilet. There is a straight line of causality that starts with attempting to dictate to the Swiss in 1802, the annexation of Piedmont, the erection of the Italian puppet state, and ends with emaciated men eating their own feces in the ashes of Moscow.
It was all so fucking unnecessary.
It's not quite up to the level of Hitler and Stalin, but it's really not that far behind, either.
“Life is a shipwreck, but we must not forget to sing in the lifeboats.”
― Voltaire